Template-type: ReDIF-Paper 1.0
Author-Name: Huang, Can
Author-Email: huang@merit.unu.edu
Author-Workplace-Name: UNU-MERIT, and Maastricht University
Author-Name: Arundel, Anthony
Author-Email: anthony.arundel@utas.edu.au
Author-Workplace-Name: UNU-MERIT, and Australian Innovation Research Centre,
	 University of Tasmania
Author-Name: Hollanders, Hugo
Author-Email: h.hollanders@maastrichtuniversity.nl
Author-Workplace-Name: UNU-MERIT, and Maastricht University
Title: How Firms Innovate: R&D, Non-R&D, and Technology Adoption
Abstract: Non-R&D innovation is a common economic phenomenon, though R&D has been 
	 the central focus of policy making and scholarly research in the field 
	 of innovation. An analysis of the third European Community Innovation 
	 Survey (CIS-3) results for 15 countries finds that almost half of 
	 innovative European firms did not perform R&D in-house. Firms with weak 
	 in-house innovative capabilities and which source information from 
	 suppliers and competitors tend to innovate through non-R&D activities. 
	 In contrast, firms that engage in product innovation, find clients, 
	 universities and research institutions an important information source 
	 for innovation, apply for patents, or use other appropriation methods 
	 are more likely to perform R&D. However, non-R&D performers do not form 
	 a consistent block, with several notable differences between firms that 
	 use three different methods of innovating without performing R&D. Many 
	 of these determinants also influence the share of total innovation 
	 expenditures that are spent on non-R&D innovation activities. 
	 Furthermore, an analysis of the determinants of the share of each firm's 
	 total innovation expenditures for non-R&D activities shows that the 
	 factors that influence how innovation expenditures are distributed is 
	 generally consistent across sectors and European countries.
Classification-JEL: O31, O32, O33, L13, L60
Keywords: Non-R&D innovation, Technology adoption, Community Innovation 
	 Survey, CIS, R&D, Innovation
Series: UNU-MERIT Working Papers
Creation-Date: 2010
Number: 2010-027
File-URL: https://unu-merit.nl/publications/wppdf/2010/wp2010-027.pdf
File-Format: application/pdf
File-Size: 275 Kb
Handle: RePEc:unm:unumer:2010027