Template-type: ReDif-Paper 1.0 Author-Name: Dronkers J. Author-workplace-name: ROA Title: Parental background, early scholastic ability, the allocation into secondary school tracks and language skills at the age of 15 years in a highly differentiated system: a test of the contradictions between a two- or three-level approach Abstract: Recently Dunne 2010 and Dronkers, van der Velden Dunne 2011 introduced a three-level model countries, schools, and students. They showed that school characteristics like socioeconomic composition and ethnic diversity have substantial effects on achievement levels and also affect the relation between parental background and achievement. Moreover, these school characteristics seem to mediate some of the effects of educational system characteristics found earlier see Figure 1. However their results contradict very much the consensus about the effects of educational systems on outcomes and inequality, which are exclusively based on a two-level model countries and students. The most important authors are Hanushek and Wmann 2006, Schtz, Ursprung and Wmann 2008, Wmann, Ldemann, Schtz and West 2009 and Hanushek and Wmann 2012. Esser forth coming discussed rightfully extensively the possible explanations of the different outcomes of the Hanushek Wssmann approach and the Dronkers, van der Velden Dunne puzzle. Keywords: Classification-JEL: . Series: Technical Reports Creation-Date: 2014 Number: 001 File-URL: http://pub.maastrichtuniversity.nl/faa01773-1959-402a-aa1a-4f3db43d2f4f File-Format: application/pdf File-Size: 724011 Handle: RePEc:unm:umarot:2014001